يعقوب — ادعاءات لاهوتية
15 ادعاء لاهوتي.
atom_jac_01_005
For because of faith and great anxiety, it truly had been made manifest unto us concerning our people, what things should happen unto them. And we also had many revelations, and the spirit of much prophecy; wherefore, we knew of Christ and his kingdom, which should come.
يربط يعقوب المعرفة المستقبلية بجو من الإيمان والقلق، ثم يقرر أن الوحي والنبوة قاداهم إلى معرفة مجيء المسيح وملكوته.
- الثيمات: revelation, christ, future, kingdom
atom_jac_02_003
by the help of the all-powerful Creator of heaven and earth I can tell you concerning your thoughts, how that ye are beginning to labor in sin… it grieveth my soul and causeth me to shrink with shame before the presence of my Maker
يعقوب يربط معرفته الروحية بقدرة الخالق، ويعلن أن الله يكشف له ما في أفكارهم، بينما يصف نفسه متألمًا وخجِلًا أمام الله بسبب فسادهم.
- الثيمات: divine knowledge, sin, shame, judgment
atom_jac_02_007
those of you which have afflicted your neighbor, and persecuted him because ye were proud in your hearts… the one being is as precious in his sight as the other. And all flesh is of the dust
يعقوب يدين اضطهاد الجار بسبب الكبرياء، ثم يقرر مبدأ المساواة أمام الخالق: كل إنسان ثمين عنده، لأن الجميع من تراب واحد ومقصودون لطاعته وتمجيده.
- الثيمات: equality, creation, pride, neighbor
atom_jac_03_001
But behold, I, Jacob, would speak unto you that are pure in heart. Look unto God with firmness of mind, and pray unto him with exceeding faith, and he will console you in your afflictions, and he will plead your cause, and send down justice upon those who seek your destruction.
يعرض يعقوب نفسه مخاطبًا جماعة محددة من «نقيي القلب»، ويعدهم بأن التوجه إلى الله بإيمان ثابت يجلب التعزية والإنصاف الإلهي ضد من يهددهم.
- الثيمات: faith, comfort, justice, purity
atom_jac_04_004
For, for this intent have we written these things, that they may know that we knew of Christ, and we had a hope of his glory many hundred years before his coming; and not only we ourselves had a hope of his glory, but also all the holy prophets which were before us.
يصرح يعقوب أن الغرض من السجل هو إثبات معرفة الجماعة بالمسيح ورجائها بمجده قبل مجيئه بزمن طويل، وأن هذا الرجاء شاركهم فيه الأنبياء السابقون.
- الثيمات: christology, prophecy, hope
atom_jac_04_006
Wherefore, we search the prophets, and we have many revelations and the spirit of prophecy; and having all these witnesses we obtain a hope, and our faith becometh unshaken, insomuch that we truly can command in the name of Jesus and the very trees obey us, or the mountains, or the waves of the sea.
يصف يعقوب مصادر اليقين الديني عندهم: البحث في الأنبياء، وتلقي الوحي، وامتلاك روح النبوة، حتى يصير الإيمان راسخًا ويُفهم أن السلطة باسم يسوع تمتد إلى الطبيعة نفسها.
- الثيمات: revelation, faith, prophecy, authority
atom_jac_04_007
Nevertheless, the Lord God showeth us our weakness that we may know that it is by his grace, and his great condescensions unto the children of men, that we have power to do these things.
يشرح النص أن الإحساس بالضعف مقصود ليدرك الناس أن القدرة ليست ذاتية بل ناتجة عن نعمة الله وتنازله نحو البشر.
- الثيمات: grace, weakness, divine_power
atom_jac_04_009
For behold, by the power of his word man came upon the face of the earth, which earth was created by the power of his word. Wherefore, if God being able to speak and the world was, and to speak and man was created, O then, why not able to command the earth, or the workmanship of his hands upon the face of it, according to his will and pleasure?
يستدل النص على قدرة الله من الخلق: فبكلمته وُجد الإنسان والأرض، ولذلك لا يصعب عليه أن يأمر الأرض وما عليها وفق مشيئته.
- الثيمات: creation, divine_word, power
atom_jac_04_011
Wherefore, beloved brethren, be reconciled unto him through the atonement of Christ, his Only Begotten Son, and ye may obtain a resurrection, according to the power of the resurrection which is in Christ, and be presented as the first-fruits of Christ unto God, having faith, and obtained a good hope of glory in him before he manifesteth himself in the flesh.
And now, beloved, marvel not that I te…
يدعو النص إلى المصالحة مع الله عبر كفارة المسيح، ويربط ذلك بالقيامة والرجاء بالمجد، ثم يبرر الحديث عن الكفارة بوصفه طريقًا إلى معرفة المسيح والعالم الآتي.
- الثيمات: atonement, resurrection, salvation
atom_jac_05_005
I have done this thing. Wherefore, go thy way; watch the tree, and nourish it, according to my words. … I do it that I may preserve unto myself the natural branches of the tree; and also, that I may lay up fruit thereof against the season
يشرح المالك أن تدخله في الشجرة هدفه الحفظ لا الإتلاف: يريد إبقاء الجذور والأغصان الطبيعية، ويأمر الخادم بالمراقبة والتغذية وفق كلماته.
- الثيمات: preservation, purpose, obedience
atom_jac_05_010
the Lord of the vineyard wept, and said unto the servant: What could I have done more for my vineyard? … all the trees of my vineyard are good for nothing save it be to be hewn down and cast into the fire.
يبلغ النص ذروة عاطفية حين يبكي صاحب الكرم ويعلن أنه لم يقصّر في شيء، ومع ذلك صار الكرم كله مستحقًا للقطع والحرق.
- الثيمات: divine grief, judgment, responsibility
atom_jac_06_005
he remembereth the house of Israel, both roots and branches; and he stretches forth his hands unto them all the day long
يؤكد النص أن الله لا ينسى بيت إسرائيل، بل يمد يده إليهم باستمرار، في صورة رحمة ومبادرة إلهية.
- الثيمات: mercy, house_of_israel, divine_memory
atom_jac_06_006
they are a stiffnecked and a gainsaying people; but as many as will not harden their hearts shall be saved in the kingdom of God.
يصف النص الجماعة بأنها عنيدة ومجادلة، لكنه يفتح باب الخلاص لمن يرفض قساوة القلب.
- الثيمات: hardness_of_heart, salvation, people
atom_jac_06_011
make a mock of the great plan of redemption, which hath been laid for you? … the power of the redemption and the resurrection, which is in Christ
يربط النص بين السخرية من خطة الفداء وبين إنكار قوة القيامة والفداء الكامنة في المسيح.
- الثيمات: redemption, resurrection, christ
atom_jac_07_005
I know that there is no Christ, neither has been, nor ever will be. … they truly testify of Christ. … if there should be no atonement made all mankind must be lost.
تتحول المناظرة إلى إعلان عقائدي حاسم: شيرم ينكر المسيح، ويقابل يعقوب ذلك بتأكيد أن الكتب والأنبياء يشهدون له، وأن غياب الكفارة يعني هلاك البشر.
- الثيمات: christ, atonement, scripture
- أسئلة نقدية: cq_2_1_how_does_the_text_construct_christological_truth_through_scriptural_testimony_against_an_explicit_denial_of_christ, cq_2_2_what_theological_assumptions_about_universal_atonement_and_human_lostness_are_being_presupposed_here_and_how_do_they_compare_with_biblical_atonement_doctrines