ألما — سرد

ألما — أحداث سردية

243 حدث سردي.

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Now it came to pass that in the first year of the reign of the judges over the people of Nephi, from this time forward, king Mosiah having gone the way of all the earth, having warred a good warfare, walking uprightly before God, leaving none to reign in his stead; nevertheless he had established laws, and they were acknowledged by the people; therefore they were obliged to abide by the laws which…

يُعلن النص انتقال الحكم من الملكية إلى نظام القضاة بعد موت موسيا، ويؤكد أن القوانين التي سنّها بقيت ملزمة للشعب.

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And it came to pass that in the first year of the reign of Alma in the judgment-seat, there was a man brought before him to be judged, a man who was large, and was noted for his much strength.

يُقدَّم رجل قوي البنية إلى أَلما للمحاكمة، ما يهيئ المشهد القضائي الذي سيقود الأحداث التالية.

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And it came to pass that he did teach these things so much that many did believe on his words, even so many that they began to support him and give him money. And he began to be lifted up in the pride of his heart, and to wear very costly apparel, yea, and even began to establish a church after the manner of his preaching.

ينجح في جذب أتباع يدعمونه ماليًا، ثم يتحول نجاحه إلى كبرياء ومظاهر ثراء، ويبدأ بتأسيس جماعة دينية على نمط تعليمه.

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Now, because Gideon withstood him with the words of God he was wroth with Gideon, and drew his sword and began to smite him. Now Gideon being stricken with many years, therefore he was not able to withstand his blows, therefore he was slain by the sword. And the man who slew him was taken by the people of the church, and was brought before Alma, to be judged according to the crimes which he had co…

يتحوّل الجدل إلى عنف، فيقتل الرجلُ جِدعون، ثم يُقبَض عليه ويُساق إلى أَلما للمحاسبة القانونية.

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Nevertheless, there were many among them who began to be proud, and began to contend warmly with their adversaries, even unto blows; yea, they would smite one another with their fists. Now this was in the second year of the reign of Alma, and it was a cause of much affliction to the church; yea, it was the cause of much trial with the church. For the hearts of many were hardened, and their names w…

يتفاقم الانقسام الداخلي حتى العنف، فتتضرر الكنيسة ويُمحى بعض الأسماء من جماعة الله، بينما يثبت الباقون في الإيمان بصبر.

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And it came to pass in the commencement of the fifth year of their reign there began to be a contention among the people; for a certain man, being called Amlici, he being a very cunning man, yea, a wise man as to the wisdom of the world, he being after the order of the man that slew Gideon by the sword, who was executed according to the law—

يفتتح النص نزاعًا سياسيًا مرتبطًا بأمليكي، ويصفه بأنه بارع في الحيلة ومن نمط قاتل جِدعون، ما يربط ظهوره بالعنف والشرعية القانونية.

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Now this Amlici had, by his cunning, drawn away much people after him; even so much that they began to be very powerful; and they began to endeavor to establish Amlici to be king over the people.

يُظهر النص أن أمليكي نجح في جذب أتباع كثر حتى صاروا قوة سياسية تسعى لتثبيته ملكًا.

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And thus they did assemble themselves together to cast in their voices concerning the matter; and they were laid before the judges.

يجتمع الشعب كهيئة سياسية ويعرض أصواته على القضاة، في مشهد يبرز آلية الحكم الجماعي.

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And it came to pass that the voice of the people came against Amlici, that he was not made king over the people.

يرفض التصويت الشعبي تثبيت أمليكي ملكًا، لكن هذا الرفض لا ينهي الصراع بل يبدّل مساره.

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And it came to pass that they gathered themselves together, and did consecrate Amlici to be their king.

رغم رفض الأغلبية، يثبت أتباع أمليكي ولاءهم له ويمنحونه صفة الملك داخل جماعتهم الخاصة.

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Therefore the people of the Nephites were aware of the intent of the Amlicites, and therefore they did prepare to meet them; yea, they did arm themselves with swords, and with cimeters, and with bows, and with arrows, and with stones, and with slings, and with all manner of weapons of war, of every kind.

يستجيب النيفايون للتهديد بالاستعداد العسكري الكامل، فيتحول الخلاف السياسي إلى تعبئة حرب شاملة.

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And it came to pass that the Nephites who were not slain by the weapons of war, after having buried those who had been slain—now the number of the slain were not numbered, because of the greatness of their number—after they had finished burying their dead they all returned to their lands, and to their houses, and their wives, and their children.

يعرض النص ما بعد المعركة: الناجون يدفنون قتلاهم ثم يعودون إلى أملاكهم وأسرهم، مع إبراز ضخامة الخسائر التي تعذر إحصاؤها.

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Now many women and children had been slain with the sword, and also many of their flocks and their herds; and also many of their fields of grain were destroyed, for they were trodden down by the hosts of men.

يصف النص اتساع الدمار ليشمل المدنيين والثروة الحيوانية والمحاصيل، ما يجعل الحرب كارثة اجتماعية واقتصادية لا عسكرية فقط.

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Now it came to pass that not many days after the battle which was fought in the land of Zarahemla, by the Lamanites and the Amlicites, that there was another army of the Lamanites came in upon the people of Nephi, in the same place where the first army met the Amlicites.

And it came to pass that there was an army sent to drive them out of their land.

Now Alma himself being afflicted with a wound…

يعود السرد إلى جولة قتال جديدة في أرض زاراهملا، حيث يهاجم اللامانيون مرة أخرى، ويغيب ألما بسبب جرحه، فيرسل جيشًا يطرد المعتدين ثم يعيد قدرًا من السلام.

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Now it came to pass in the sixth year of the reign of the judges over the people of Nephi, there were no contentions nor wars in the land of Zarahemla;

يحدد النص زمنًا سياسيًا محددًا ويؤكد حالة هدوء عام في أرض زاراهملا، ما يهيئ الخلفية قبل التحول إلى الأزمات اللاحقة.

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But the people were afflicted, yea, greatly afflicted for the loss of their brethren, and also for the loss of their flocks and herds, and also for the loss of their fields of grain, which were trodden under foot and destroyed by the Lamanites.

يصور النص شعبًا منكوبًا بخسائر بشرية واقتصادية سببتها هجمات اللامانيين، فتتداخل المأساة العائلية مع الخراب المعيشي.

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And it came to pass in the seventh year of the reign of the judges there were about three thousand five hundred souls that united themselves to the church of God and were baptized. And thus endeth the seventh year of the reign of the judges over the people of Nephi; and there was continual peace in all that time.

يسجل النص نموًا عدديًا كبيرًا في الانضمام إلى الكنيسة، ثم يختم السنة السابعة بوصفها فترة سلام مستمر.

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And thus, in this eighth year of the reign of the judges, there began to be great contentions among the people of the church; yea, there were envyings, and strife, and malice, and persecutions, and pride, even to exceed the pride of those who did not belong to the church of God. And thus ended the eighth year of the reign of the judges; and the wickedness of the church was a great stumbling-block …

يتحول فساد الجماعة إلى نزاع داخلي وعثرة خارجية، بحيث يصبح سلوك الكنيسة سببًا في تعثر تقدمها وتأثيرها.

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And this he did that he himself might go forth among his people, or among the people of Nephi, that he might preach the word of God unto them, to stir them up in remembrance of their duty, and that he might pull down, by the word of God, all the pride and craftiness and all the contentions which were among his people, seeing no way that he might reclaim them save it were in bearing down in pure te…

يتخلى Alma عن منصة الحكم ليتفرغ للوعظ ومواجهة الكبرياء والنزاع بالشهادة الدينية، جامعًا بين الإصلاح الروحي والتفرغ للكهنوت.

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And behold, I say unto you, they were delivered out of the hands of the people of king Noah, by the mercy and power of God.

And behold, after that, they were brought into bondage by the hands of the Lamanites in the wilderness; yea, I say unto you, they were in captivity, and again the Lord did deliver them out of bondage by the power of his word; and we were brought into this land, and here we b…

يعرض النص سلسلة خلاصات تاريخية: نجاة من أتباع الملك نوح، ثم من عبودية اللامانيين، ثم انتقال الجماعة إلى أرض جديدة حيث أعادت تأسيس الكنيسة.

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And thus they began to establish the order of the church in the city of Zarahemla.

بهذه الإجراءات يبدأون في ترسيخ نظام الكنيسة في زاراهملا.

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there having been a city built, which was called the city of Gideon, which was in the valley that was called Gideon, being called after the man who was slain by the hand of Nehor with the sword.

يشرح النص أن المدينة والوادي يحملان اسم جدعون، نسبةً إلى الرجل الذي قُتل بسيف نهور.

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Alma went and began to declare the word of God unto the church which was established in the valley of Gideon

ألما يواصل خدمته هناك، فيبدأ إعلان كلمة الله للكنيسة في وادي جدعون.

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I have been permitted to come unto you… I having been wholly confined to the judgment-seat… the judgment-seat hath been given to another, to reign in my stead; and the Lord in much mercy hath granted that I should come unto you.

يتحدث الراوي بوصفه كان مقيدًا بمسؤوليات الحكم، ثم يوضح أن انتقال الكرسي القضائي إلى غيره أتاح له أن يزور الشعب، ويعرض هذا الانتقال بوصفه رحمة من الرب.

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And now it came to pass that Alma returned from the land of Gideon, after having taught the people of Gideon many things which cannot be written, having established the order of the church, according as he had before done in the land of Zarahemla, yea, he returned to his own house at Zarahemla to rest himself from the labors which he had performed.

يعود ألما من جِدعون بعد أن علّم هناك كثيرًا، ونظّم ترتيب الكنيسة كما فعل سابقًا في زاراhemla، ثم يرجع إلى بيته ليستريح من عمله.

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Now when the people had said this, and withstood all his words, and reviled him, and spit upon him, and caused that he should be cast out of their city, he departed thence and took his journey towards the city which was called Aaron. And it came to pass that while he was journeying thither, being weighed down with sorrow, wading through much tribulation and anguish of soul, because of the wickedne…

يُطرد ألما بعد الإهانة والرفض، ثم يمضي حزينًا ومثقلًا بالضيق حتى يظهر له ملاك الرب في الطريق إلى آرون.

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Now it came to pass that after Alma had received his message from the angel of the Lord he returned speedily to the land of Ammonihah. And he entered the city by another way, yea, by the way which is on the south of the city of Ammonihah. And as he entered the city he was an hungered, and he said to a man: Will ye give to an humble servant of God something to eat? And the man said unto him: I am a…

يعود ألما سريعًا إلى عمونيها ويدخلها من طريق آخر، ثم يلتقي بأمليك الذي يميّزه كنبي ويستضيفه ويطعمه، فيبارك ألما بيته ويشكر الله.

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And they stood forth to lay their hands on me; but behold, they did not. And I stood with boldness to declare unto them

يتحوّل الموقف إلى تهديد جسدي مباشر ضد ألمـا، لكن النص يبرز ثباته وشجاعته في الاستمرار بالكلام رغم محاولة القبض عليه.

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ye are my brethren… your hearts have been grossly hardened against the word of God… the Lord did not suffer them that they should take me at that time and cast me into prison

يختم ألمـا خطابه بمخاطبة خصومه كإخوة، ثم يصف قسوة قلوبهم، وبعدها يُظهر حماية الرب له من السجن رغم غضبهم.

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I went on rebelling against God, in the wickedness of my heart, even until the fourth day of this seventh month, which is in the tenth year of the reign of the judges.

يحدّد أملِك زمنًا دقيقًا لتمرده المستمر، رابطًا خطيئته بسياق تاريخي محسوب داخل نظام الحكم.

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I obeyed the voice of the angel, and returned towards my house. And as I was going thither I found the man whom the angel said unto me: Thou shalt receive into thy house

يستجيب أملِك لرسالة الملاك ويجد الرجل المقصود في الطريق إلى بيته، ثم يفسّر لاحقًا هذا اللقاء بوصفه بركة نبوية حلّت على بيته وأهله.

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the people began to be astonished, seeing there was more than one witness who testified of the things whereof they were accused

يتفاجأ الناس بوجود أكثر من شاهد واحد، ما يمنح شهادة أملِك وألما قوة إجرائية داخل المشهد.

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they might catch them in their words, that they might find witness against them, that they might deliver them to their judges

يحاول المحامون نصب فخ لغوي لأملِك وألما بهدف استخراج شهادة ضدّهما وتسليمهما للقضاة، فتظهر آلية الاتهام القانونية.

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and the judge executed authority, and sent forth officers that the man should be brought before him; and he judged the man according to the law and the evidences which were brought against him

يعرض النص آلية قضائية كاملة: شكوى، استدعاء، أدلة، ثم حكم وفق القانون، ما يصور القضاء كسلطة منظمة داخل المجتمع.

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And this Zeezrom began to question Amulek… Behold, here are six onties of silver, and all these will I give thee if thou wilt deny the existence of a Supreme Being.

يبدأ Zeezrom اختبار Amulek بعرض رشوة صريحة مقابل إنكار وجود الإله الأعلى، فيحوّل الحوار إلى مواجهة أخلاقية ودينية.

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And thus ended the words of Amulek.

يختم الراوي المقطع بإشارة إلى انتهاء خطاب Amulek، ثم يصف أثره المباشر في الجمهور وفي Zeezrom.

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Melchizedek… was a king over the land of Salem… did preach repentance unto his people. And behold, they did repent; and Melchizedek did establish peace in the land in his days

يستدعي النص مثال ملك-كاهن قديمًا جمع بين السلطة الدينية والسياسية، فقاد شعبه من الفساد إلى التوبة ثم إلى السلام.

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many of them did believe on his words, and began to repent, and to search the scriptures.

بعض السامعين يستجيبون لوعظ ألما وأملق؛ الإيمان يقودهم إلى التوبة والرجوع إلى الكتب المقدسة بحثًا عن المعنى.

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the more part of them were desirous that they might destroy Alma and Amulek; for they were angry with Alma… and they also said that Amulek had lied unto them

الأغلبية تتحول إلى عداء صريح ضد ألما وأملق، لأن كلامهما فضح فسادهم وهدد سلطتهم الدينية والقضائية.

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they took them and bound them with strong cords, and took them before the chief judge of the land.

يُقبض على ألما وأملق ويُقيَّدان ويُساقان إلى أعلى سلطة قضائية، ما ينقل الصراع من الجدل إلى المحاكمة العلنية.

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they brought their wives and children together… and they also brought forth their records which contained the holy scriptures, and cast them into the fire also

العنف يتوسع ليشمل العائلات والكتب المقدسة معًا؛ إحراق السجلات هنا محاولة لمحو الذاكرة الدينية نفسها.

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they did withhold food from them that they might hunger, and water that they might thirst; and they also did take from them their clothes that they were naked

السجن يتحول إلى أداة تعذيب متعمد: حرمان من الطعام والماء والملبس لإذلالهما وإضعافهما.

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the power of God was upon Alma and Amulek, and they rose and stood upon their feet… they broke the cords with which they were bound

تتدخل القدرة الإلهية في لحظة الحسم: القيود تنكسر ويخرج ألما وأملق سالمين من السجن المنهار.

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the earth shook mightily, and the walls of the prison were rent in twain… and they were struck with great fear, and fled from the presence of Alma and Amulek

النجاة تُقابلها دينونة مرعبة: الزلزال وانهيار السجن يبددان خصومهما ويحوّلان المشهد إلى علامة خوف جماعي.

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there they found all the people who had departed out of the land of Ammonihah, who had been cast out and stoned, because they believed in the words of Alma.

يصور النص جماعة من المطرودين والمضروبين بالحجارة لأنهم صدّقوا كلام أَلما، مما يبرز ثمن الإيمان داخل السرد.

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And they related unto them all that had happened unto their wives and children, and also concerning themselves, and of their power of deliverance.

يقدّم النص شهادة جماعية عن ما أصاب العائلات وعن نجاة المتكلمين أنفسهم، فيحوّل التجربة إلى خبر يُروى للآخرين.

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Zeezrom leaped upon his feet, and began to walk; and this was done to the great astonishment of all the people; and the knowledge of this went forth throughout all the land of Sidom.

يصف النص شفاء زيزروم الفوري وانتشار الخبر في صيدوم، ما يجعل المعجزة حدثًا عامًا لا خاصًا.

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they did flock in from all the region round about Sidom, and were baptized.

يُظهر النص اتساع الاستجابة حول صيدوم، إذ يتجمع الناس من المناطق المجاورة ليعتمدوا.

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they began to humble themselves before God, and began to assemble themselves together at their sanctuaries to worship God before the altar, watching and praying continually… he took Amulek and came over to the land of Zarahemla, and took him to his own house

يصف النص تحوّلًا جماعيًا نحو التواضع والعبادة المستمرة، ثم ينقل أَلما وأمَلك إلى زاراhemla حيث يعتني به في بيته.

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there was a cry of war heard throughout the land.

ينقلب زمن السلام إلى حالة إنذار عام، إذ ينتشر نداء الحرب في كل البلاد بعد سنوات من الهدوء.

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the armies of the Lamanites had come in upon the wilderness side, into the borders of the land, even into the city of Ammonihah, and began to slay the people and destroy the city.

يصف النص هجومًا لامانيًا مفاجئًا من جهة البرية انتهى إلى قتل السكان وتخريب مدينة أَمّونيها.

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they came upon the armies of the Lamanites, and the Lamanites were scattered and driven into the wilderness; and they took their brethren who had been taken captive by the Lamanites

ينفذ زورام وجيشه العملية كما أُرشدوا، فيتشتت اللّامانيون ويُستعاد الأسرى بلا خسارة في صفوفهم.

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as Alma was journeying from the land of Gideon southward, away to the land of Manti, behold, to his astonishment, he met with the sons of Mosiah journeying towards the land of Zarahemla.

يبدأ المشهد بلقاء غير متوقع بين ألما وأبناء موسيا أثناء تنقلهم في طرق مختلفة، وهو لقاء يعيد جمع شخصيات رئيسية في السرد.

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they had been teaching the word of God for the space of fourteen years among the Lamanites, having had much success in bringing many to the knowledge of the truth

يؤكد النص طول مدة بعثتهم بين اللامانيين ونجاحهم في جذب كثيرين إلى معرفة الحق، ما يبرز ثمرة عملهم التبشيري.

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having refused the kingdom which their father was desirous to confer upon them … they departed out of the land of Zarahemla, and took their swords, and their spears, and their bows, and their arrows, and their slings; … to go up to the land of Nephi, to preach the word of God unto the Lamanites.

يبرز النص قرار أبناء موسيا رفض المُلك، ثم خروجهم من زاراhemla مسلحين ومجهزين للعيش في البرية، متجهين إلى أرض نافي للتبشير بين اللامانيين.

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the Lamanites took him and bound him … king Lamoni … Ammon said unto him: Yea, I desire to dwell among this people for a time … Nay, but I will be thy servant. Therefore Ammon became a servant to king Lamoni.

يُقبض على أَمون وفق عادة اللامانيين، ثم يواجه الملك لاموني ويختار بدلًا من الامتياز أن يكون خادمًا، ما يغيّر موقعه الاجتماعي داخل القصة.

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the place of water, which was called the water of Sebus … a certain number of the Lamanites … scattered the flocks … Now the servants of the king began to murmur … his heart was swollen within him with joy; for, said he, I will show forth my power unto these my fellow-servants

تتحول رعاية القطعان عند ماء سبوس إلى أزمة حين يبعثرها بعض اللامانيين، لكن أَمون يرى في الموقف فرصة لإظهار قدرته وكسب ثقة رفاقه.

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And it came to pass that king Lamoni caused that his servants should stand forth and testify to all the things which they had seen concerning the matter.

And when they had all testified to the things which they had seen, and he had learned of the faithfulness of Ammon in preserving his flocks, and also of his great power in contending against those who sought to slay him, he was astonished exceed…

يستدعي الملك لاموني خدمه ليشهدوا بما رأوه، فتتحول الشهادة الجماعية إلى أساس لدهشة الملك من أمانة أمان في حماية القطعان وقوته في المواجهة.

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Now this was the tradition of Lamoni, which he had received from his father, that there was a Great Spirit. Notwithstanding they believed in a Great Spirit they supposed that whatsoever they did was right;

Now it was the practice of these Lamanites to stand by the waters of Sebus to scatter the flocks of the people, that thereby they might drive away many that were scattered unto their own land, …

يعرض النص تقليد لاموني الديني الموروث من أبيه، ثم يربطه بممارسة جماعية عند اللَّامانيين تقوم على نهب القطعان عند مياه سبوس.

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Art thou that Great Spirit, who knows all things?

Ammon answered and said unto him: I am not.

… Yea, I will believe all thy words. And thus he was caught with guile.

يتصاعد الحوار إلى سؤال مباشر عن هوية أمان، ثم يرفض أمان أن يُنسب إليه مقام الروح العظيم، بينما يصف النص قبول الملك لكلامه بأنه وقع في حيلة.

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the king believed all his words.

And he began to cry unto the Lord, saying: O Lord, have mercy; according to thy abundant mercy which thou hast had upon the people of Nephi, have upon me, and my people.

And now, when he had said this, he fell unto the earth, as if he were dead.

ينتهي الحوار بإيمان الملك ثم صلاته للرب طالبًا الرحمة لنفسه ولشعبه، يعقبها سقوطه إلى الأرض كالميت.

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after two days and two nights they were about to take his body and lay it in a sepulchre, which they had made for the purpose of burying their dead.

يُظهر النص أن المحيطين بلاموني كانوا يستعدون لدفنه بعد أن ظنوا أنه مات، ما يضع القارئ أمام أزمة حياة أو موت قبل انكشاف الحقيقة.

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the queen having heard of the fame of Ammon, therefore she sent and desired that he should come in unto her. And it came to pass that Ammon did as he was commanded

تتحرك الملكة بناءً على شهرة أمان، ثم يستجيب هو لطلبها، مما يفتح المشهد الرسمي الذي سيقود إلى تفسير حالة الملك.

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Ammon seeing the Spirit of the Lord poured out according to his prayers upon the Lamanites, his brethren … the fear of the Lord had come upon them also

يُفسِّر النص سقوط الحاضرين على الأرض بوصفه استجابة لسكب روح الرب، ويُبرز امتداد هذا الأثر إلى خدم الملك ثم إلى أبيش.

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she ran forth from house to house, making it known unto the people. And they began to assemble themselves together unto the house of the king.

أبيش تتحول إلى ناقلة خبر علني، فتجذب الناس من البيوت إلى بيت الملك، وبذلك تنقل الحدث من تجربة خاصة إلى مشهد جماعي.

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the people began to murmur among themselves … Ammon was the Great Spirit, and others said he was sent by the Great Spirit

يتحوّل المشهد إلى جدل جماعي حول تفسير ما حدث: بعضهم يراه شرًا، وبعضهم يربطه بروح عظيمة، وآخرون يهاجمون أمان بوصفه كائنًا مرعبًا أو رسولًا للعقاب.

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And it came to pass that when they had established a church in that land, that king Lamoni desired that Ammon should go with him to the land of Nephi, that he might show him unto his father.

بعد تأسيس الكنيسة في تلك الأرض، يرغب لاموني في اصطحاب أَمّون إلى أرض نافي ليقدمه إلى أبيه، مما يربط العمل التبشيري بعلاقة سياسية/عائلية أوسع.

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they met the father of Lamoni, who was king over all the land. … Whither art thou going with this Nephite, who is one of the children of a liar? … Behold, he robbed our fathers; and now his children are also come amongst us

لقاء الأب الملك يفتح صراعًا جديدًا: فهو يواجه لاموني باتهام النفيين بأنهم نسل كاذب ولصوص، ويعيد سرد ذاكرة عدائية جماعية.

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Ammon withstood his blows, and also smote his arm that he could not use it. … I will smite thee except thou wilt grant unto me that my brethren may be cast out of prison.

يتحول الموقف إلى مواجهة جسدية؛ أَمّون يوقف الهجوم ويستخدم القوة لفرض شرطه: إطلاق إخوته من السجن.

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If thou wilt spare me I will grant unto thee whatsoever thou wilt ask, even to half of the kingdom. … I will grant unto you that my son may retain his kingdom from this time and forever; and I will govern him no more— … I shall greatly desire to see thee.

الملك، وقد غلبه الخوف ثم الدهشة، يعرض تنازلات واسعة: نصف المملكة، ثم تثبيت ملك لاموني ورفع وصايته عنه، بل والرغبة في لقاء أَمّون لاحقًا.

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And it came to pass that Ammon and Lamoni proceeded on their journey towards the land of Middoni. And Lamoni found favor in the eyes of the king of the land; therefore the brethren of Ammon were brought forth out of prison.

تستأنف الرحلة إلى ميدوني، ويؤدي قبول الملك المحلي لاموني إلى إطلاق سراح إخوة أَمّون من السجن.

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the Lamanites and the Amalekites and the people of Amulon had built a great city, which was called Jerusalem.

يعرض النص تأسيس مدينة كبيرة مشتركة بين جماعات متعددة، ويجعل بناءها علامة على استقرارهم وقوتهم في تلك المنطقة.

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they were angry with him, and began to mock him; and they would not hear the words which he spake. … they departed and came over into the land of Middoni. And they did preach the word unto many, and few believed on the words which they taught.

يرفض السامعون الرسالة ويقابلونها بالسخرية، فيتحول المرسلون إلى مكان آخر حيث يستمر الوعظ لكن الاستجابة تبقى محدودة.

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Aaron and a certain number of his brethren were taken and cast into prison … they were delivered by the hand of Lamoni and Ammon, and they were fed and clothed. And they went forth again to declare the word

يتعرض هارون ورفاقه للسجن ثم يُطلق سراحهم ويُعانَون بالطعام والكساء، وبعدها يعودون مباشرة إلى التبشير.

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we will return to the account of Aaron and his brethren; for after he departed from the land of Middoni he was led by the Spirit to the land of Nephi, even to the house of the king

يعيد الراوي مسار السرد إلى أَرُون وإخوته، ويحدد أن انتقالهم إلى أرض نيفي لم يكن عشوائيًا بل بقيادة الروح، مما يمنح الرحلة معنى إلهيًا داخل القصة.

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The king said unto them: Arise, for I will grant unto you your lives … I desire to know the cause why he has not come up out of Middoni with thee. … The Spirit of the Lord has called him another way

الملك يخفف عنهم ويحوّل الموقف من تهديد إلى حوار، ثم يفسر أَرُون غياب أَمّون بأنه استجابة لنداء الروح، لا تقصيرًا أو هروبًا.

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she commanded that her servants … should take them and slay them. … he put forth his hand and raised the king from the earth … his whole household were converted unto the Lord.

تتصاعد الأزمة حين تأمر الملكة بقتل أَرُون وإخوته، لكن رفع الملك من الأرض يقلب الخوف إلى دهشة ثم إلى تحول جماعي داخل بيت الملك.

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for the king had been converted unto the Lord, and all his household; therefore he sent his proclamation throughout the land unto his people, that the word of God might have no obstruction

تحوّل الملك وأهل بيته إلى الرب هو السبب المباشر وراء نشر الإعلان، بهدف فتح الطريق أمام كلمة الله بلا عائق.

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And thousands were brought to the knowledge of the Lord, yea, thousands were brought to believe in the traditions of the Nephites; and they were taught the records and prophecies which were handed down even to the present time.

الاستجابة واسعة: آلاف يدخلون في معرفة الرب، ويُعلَّمون تقاليد النيفيين وسجلاتهم ونبوءاتهم الموروثة.

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And the Amalekites were not converted, save only one; neither were any of the Amulonites; but they did harden their hearts

في مقابل التحوّل الواسع، يبرز استثناء واضح: الأمليكيون والأمولونيون يرفضون الاهتداء ويُوصَفون بتقسّي القلوب.

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And they began to be a very industrious people; yea, and they were friendly with the Nephites; therefore, they did open a correspondence with them, and the curse of God did no more follow them.

بعد إعادة تعريف هويتهم، يظهر أثر اجتماعي واقتصادي: يصيرون شعبًا مجتهدًا، يوطدون علاقة سلمية مع النيفيين، وتزول عنهم اللعنة.

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And it came to pass that the Amalekites and the Amulonites and the Lamanites who were in the land of Amulon, and also in the land of Helam, and who were in the land of Jerusalem, and in fine, in all the land round about, who had not been converted and had not taken upon them the name of Anti-Nephi-Lehi, were stirred up by the Amalekites and by the Amulonites to anger against their brethren. And th…

يصف النص تعبئة جماعات متعددة ضد شعب أنتي-نفي-ليحي، حيث يتحول الغضب إلى تمرد سياسي وعسكري ضد ملكهم وضد الجماعة المتحوّلة.

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Now the king conferred the kingdom upon his son, and he called his name Anti-Nephi-Lehi. And the king died in that selfsame year that the Lamanites began to make preparations for war against the people of God.

ينقل الملك الحكم إلى ابنه الذي يحمل اسم الجماعة، ثم يموت في السنة نفسها التي تبدأ فيها الاستعدادات للحرب ضد شعب الله.

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Now when Ammon and his brethren and all those who had come up with him saw the preparations of the Lamanites to destroy their brethren, they came forth to the land of Midian, and there Ammon met all his brethren; and from thence they came to the land of Ishmael that they might hold a council with Lamoni and also with his brother Anti-Nephi-Lehi, what they should do to defend themselves against the…

يرى أمون ورفاقه خطر الحرب فيتحركون بين الأراضي لعقد مجلس تشاوري مع لاموني وأخيه أنتي-نفي-ليحي حول كيفية الدفاع.

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And it came to pass that their brethren, the Lamanites, made preparations for war, and came up to the land of Nephi for the purpose of destroying the king, and to place another in his stead, and also of destroying the people of Anti-Nephi-Lehi out of the land. Now when the people saw that they were coming against them they went out to meet them, and prostrated themselves before them to the earth, …

تتقدم الحرب إلى أرض نافي، لكن شعب أنتي-نفي-ليحي يواجهها بالسجود والدعاء لا بالمقاومة، فيُقتل منهم كثيرون ويُوصَفون بالمباركين لأنهم ثبتوا حتى الموت وهم يسبحون الله.

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Now when the Lamanites saw this they did forbear from slaying them; and there were many whose hearts had swollen in them for those of their brethren who had fallen under the sword, for they repented of the things which they had done. And it came to pass that they threw down their weapons of war, and they would not take them again, for they were stung for the murders which they had committed; and t…

يؤدي مشهد الاستسلام غير المقاوم إلى توقف القتل، ثم إلى توبة بعض المهاجمين وإلقاء أسلحتهم وانضمامهم إلى شعب الله، بينما يفسر الراوي ذلك كعمل إلهي متعدد الوسائل للخلاص.

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those Lamanites were more angry because they had slain their brethren; therefore they swore vengeance upon the Nephites

يصور النص تصاعد غضب اللامانيين بعد قتلهم لإخوتهم، فيتحول الغضب إلى قسم بالانتقام من النيفيين.

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they did no more attempt to slay the people of Anti-Nephi-Lehi at that time

يتوقف اللامانيون مؤقتًا عن مهاجمة شعب أنتي-نيفي-ليحي، ما يحدد انتقالًا في هدف العنف.

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caused that many of the Lamanites should perish by fire because of their belief

يصف النص اضطهادًا دينيًا داخليًا، إذ يُقتل بعض اللامانيين حرقًا بسبب إيمانهم.

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those rulers who were the remnant of the children of Amulon caused that they should be put to death … there began to be contention in the wilderness

تردّ السلطة المتبقية من نسل أملون على المؤمنين بالقتل، فينشأ نزاع جديد في البرية.

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many of them came over to dwell in the land of Ishmael and the land of Nephi, and did join themselves to the people of God … they did bury their weapons of war

ينتقل بعض اللامانيين إلى أراضٍ جديدة وينضمون إلى شعب الله، ثم يدفنون أسلحتهم كعلامة على التحول السلمي.

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we go up to the land of Nephi, to preach unto our brethren, the Lamanites, and they laughed us to scorn?… Let us take up arms against them, that we destroy them and their iniquity out of the land

يستعيد أمون سخرية أهل زاراhemla من البعثة، ثم يذكر أن بعضهم اقترح الحل العسكري بدل التبشير.

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we came into the wilderness not with the intent to destroy our brethren, but with the intent that perhaps we might save some few of their souls… we have traveled from house to house… and we have entered into their houses and taught them, and we have taught them in their streets; yea, and we have taught them upon their hills; and we have also entered into their temples and their synagogues

يؤكد أمون أن هدفهم كان الإنقاذ لا الإبادة، ثم يصف نمطًا تبشيريًا متحركًا شمل البيوت والشوارع والتلال وأماكن العبادة.

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we have been cast out, and mocked, and spit upon… and cast into prison; and through the power and wisdom of God we have been delivered again. And we have suffered all manner of afflictions

يعرض أمون سلسلة من الإهانات والاعتقال، ثم يربط النجاة المتكررة بقوة الله وحكمته.

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Now it came to pass that when those Lamanites who had gone to war against the Nephites had found, after their many struggles to destroy them, that it was in vain to seek their destruction, they returned again to the land of Nephi.

بعد فشل محاولات الحرب ضد النيفيين، يعود المهاجمون اللامانيون إلى أرض نافي، ما يغيّر مسار الصراع بدل أن يحسمه.

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And it came to pass that the Amalekites, because of their loss, were exceedingly angry. And when they saw that they could not seek revenge from the Nephites, they began to stir up the people in anger against their brethren, the people of Anti-Nephi-Lehi; therefore they began again to destroy them.

Now this people again refused to take their arms, and they suffered themselves to be slain according…

خسارة الأمليكيين تدفعهم إلى التحريض على شعب أنتي-نيفي-ليحي، بينما يرفض هذا الشعب حمل السلاح ويقبل القتل بدل المقاومة.

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And now it came to pass that Alma conducted his brethren back to the land of Zarahemla; even to his own house. And they went and told the chief judge all the things that had happened unto them in the land of Nephi, among their brethren, the Lamanites.

And it came to pass that the chief judge sent a proclamation throughout all the land, desiring the voice of the people concerning the admitting the…

ألما يعيد إخوته إلى زاراهملا، ثم تُرفع القصة إلى القاضي الأعلى الذي يصدر إعلانًا عامًا لطلب رأي الشعب في قبول هؤلاء القادمين.

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Now, it came to pass that when Ammon had heard this, he returned to the people of Anti-Nephi-Lehi, and also Alma with him, into the wilderness, where they had pitched their tents, and made known unto them all these things. And Alma also related unto them his conversion, with Ammon and Aaron, and his brethren.

And it came to pass that it did cause great joy among them. And they went down into the …

عمون وألما يعودان إلى الشعب ليبلغاهم بالترتيبات الجديدة، ثم ينتقلون إلى جرشون حيث يُعاد تعريف الجماعة باسم جديد يميزها داخل المجتمع النيفي.

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after the people of Ammon were established in the land of Jershon, and a church also established in the land of Jershon, and the armies of the Nephites were set round about the land of Jershon

يصف النص استقرار شعب أمون وقيام الكنيسة في جيرشون، ثم تمركز جيوش النيفيين حولها، بما يجعل المكان نقطة حماية وتنظيم ديني وعسكري.

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behold the armies of the Lamanites had followed their brethren into the wilderness

يُظهر النص أن جيوش اللامانيين واصلت المطاردة إلى البرية، ما يوسع نطاق الصراع خارج المستوطنات المعروفة.

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there was a tremendous battle; yea, even such an one as never had been known among all the people in the land from the time Lehi left Jerusalem

يؤكد النص أن المعركة كانت غير مسبوقة في تاريخ الأرض منذ خروج ليحي من أورشليم، فيربط الحدث الراهن ببداية التاريخ السردي للشعب.

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tens of thousands of the Lamanites were slain and scattered abroad. Yea, and also there was a tremendous slaughter among the people of Nephi

يصف النص خسائر بشرية هائلة لدى اللامانيين والنيفيين معًا، ما يجعل الحرب حدثًا كارثيًا متبادل الأثر لا مجرد انتصار لطرف واحد.

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But I do not joy in my own success alone, but my joy is more full because of the success of my brethren, who have been up to the land of Nephi. Behold, they have labored exceedingly, and have brought forth much fruit; and how great shall be their reward! … so great is my joy.

يُظهر النص فرحًا جماعيًا مرتبطًا بنجاح الإخوة في أرض نافي، ويصف عملهم المثمر بوصفه سببًا لمكافأة عظيمة.

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after the people of Ammon were established in the land of Jershon, yea, and also after the Lamanites were driven out of the land… there began to be continual peace throughout all the land.

يربط السرد بين استقرار شعب أمون في جيرشون وطرد اللامانيين وبين بدء سلام شامل في البلاد، بعد دفن القتلى والصوم والنحيب والصلاة.

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there came a man into the land of Zarahemla, and he was Anti-Christ, for he began to preach unto the people against the prophecies which had been spoken by the prophets, concerning the coming of Christ.

يدخل رجل إلى زاراhemla بوصفه خصمًا للمسيح، ويبدأ بالدعوة ضد نبوات الأنبياء عن مجيء المسيح.

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I always knew that there was a God… the devil hath deceived me… I have brought this great curse upon me… they were all converted again unto the Lord

يعترف كوريهور بعد صمته بأنه كان يعرف وجود الله، وأنه خُدع من الشيطان، ثم يطلب رفع اللعنة؛ وفي المقابل تؤدي الحادثة إلى توبة جماعية وعودة الناس إلى الرب.

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Alma having received tidings that the Zoramites were perverting the ways of the Lord, and that Zoram, who was their leader, was leading the hearts of the people to bow down to dumb idols, his heart again began to sicken because of the iniquity of the people.

تصل إلى ألما أخبار عن انحراف الزوراميين وعبادتهم للأصنام، فيتأثر نفسيًا ويعود حزنه بسبب شرّهم.

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the Nephites greatly feared that the Zoramites would enter into a correspondence with the Lamanites, and that it would be the means of great loss on the part of the Nephites.

يظهر خوف النيفيين من احتمال تحالف الزوراميين مع اللامانيين، لأن ذلك قد يسبب خسارة كبيرة لهم.

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Therefore he took Ammon, and Aaron, and Omner … and also Amulek and Zeezrom … and he also took two of his sons.

يجمع ألما فريقًا من الرفقاء والخدام، ويأخذ معه أيضًا ابنين من أبنائه، استعدادًا للذهاب إلى الزوراميين.

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they had built synagogues … a place for standing, which was high above the head … Holy, holy God; we believe that thou art God … there shall be no Christ.

يكتشف ألما ورفاقه نظام عبادة زوراميًا غريبًا يقوم على منصة مرتفعة وصلاة جماعية ثابتة تنفي المسيح وتؤكد اصطفاءهم.

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they did go forth, and began to preach the word of God unto the people, entering into their synagogues, and into their houses; yea, and even they did preach the word in their streets.

يبدأ هؤلاء في نشر كلمة الله علنًا وفي أماكن متعددة: المجامع والبيوت والشوارع، ما يدل على اتساع نطاق دعوتهم.

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they began to have success among the poor class of people; for behold, they were cast out of the synagogues because of the coarseness of their apparel—Therefore they were not permitted to enter into their synagogues to worship God

تتحول الرسالة إلى الفقراء الذين طُردوا من المجامع بسبب مظهرهم وافتقارهم، فيُصوَّرون كجماعة مهمشة دينيًا واجتماعيًا.

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there came a great multitude unto him, who were those of whom we have been speaking, of whom were poor in heart… what shall these my brethren do… we have no place to worship our God; and behold, what shall we do?

يقترب جمع كبير من ألما طالبين حلًا عمليًا لعبادتهم بعد أن حُرموا من أماكن العبادة، فيظهر النص حاجتهم الروحية والاجتماعية معًا.

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Now after Alma had spoken these words, they sent forth unto him desiring to know whether they should believe in one God, that they might obtain this fruit of which he had spoken, or how they should plant the seed, or the word of which he had spoken, which he said must be planted in their hearts; or in what manner they should begin to exercise their faith.

يُظهر النص أن السامعين انتقلوا من التلقي إلى السؤال العملي: كيف يؤمنون، وكيف يزرعون الكلمة في قلوبهم، وكيف يبدؤون ممارسة الإيمان.

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And now it came to pass that after Alma had spoken these words unto them he sat down upon the ground, and Amulek arose and began to teach them, saying:

بعد أن أنهى ألما كلامه، يجلس، ثم ينهض أميولك ليأخذ دور المعلّم ويواصل الخطاب.

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And it came to pass that after they had found out the minds of all the people, those who were in favor of the words which had been spoken by Alma and his brethren were cast out of the land; and they were many; and they came over also into the land of Jershon.

And it came to pass that Alma and his brethren did minister unto them.

المؤيدون لرسالة ألما يُطردون من أرضهم بأعداد كبيرة، ثم يجدون في جرشون خدمة ورعاية من ألما وإخوته.

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Now the people of the Zoramites were angry with the people of Ammon who were in Jershon, and the chief ruler of the Zoramites, being a very wicked man, sent over unto the people of Ammon desiring them that they should cast out of their land all those who came over from them into their land.

العداء ينتقل إلى جماعة أمون في جرشون، إذ يطالب الحاكم الزورامي بطرد اللاجئين الذين لجؤوا إليهم.

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Now this did stir up the Zoramites to anger against the people of Ammon, and they began to mix with the Lamanites and to stir them up also to anger against them.

And thus the Zoramites and the Lamanites began to make preparations for war against the people of Ammon, and also against the Nephites.

رفض أمون للطرد يوسّع دائرة الصراع، فيتحالف الزوراميون مع اللامانيين استعدادًا للحرب ضد أمون وضد النيفيين.

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And Alma, and Ammon, and their brethren, and also the two sons of Alma returned to the land of Zarahemla, after having been instruments in the hands of God of bringing many of the Zoramites to repentance; and as many as were brought to repentance were driven out of their land; but they have lands for their inheritance in the land of Jershon, and they have taken up arms to defend themselves, and th…

يعود ألما وأمولك ورفاقهما إلى زاراهملا بعد نجاحهم في دعوة كثيرين إلى التوبة، بينما يُطرد التائبون ويستقر لهم ميراث في جرشون مع استعداد دفاعي.

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I went about with the sons of Mosiah, seeking to destroy the church of God; but behold, God sent his holy angel to stop us by the way.

يصف النص مرحلة عداء نشطًا ضد جماعة الله، ثم تدخلًا إلهيًا أوقف المسار قبل اكتمال التدمير.

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the whole earth did tremble beneath our feet; and we all fell to the earth

يرسم النص مشهدًا جسديًا مرعبًا: اهتزاز الأرض وسقوط الجميع، بما يبرز رهبة المواجهة مع الرسالة السماوية.

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I could remember my pains no more; yea, I was harrowed up by the memory of my sins no more. And oh, what joy, and what marvelous light I did behold

يصور النص انتقالًا مفاجئًا من الوجع إلى الفرح والنور، كعلامة على تبدل الحالة الروحية بالكامل.

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these records do contain… Ammon and his brethren could not have convinced so many thousands of the Lamanites… these records and their words brought them unto repentance… who are now hardening their hearts in sin and iniquities

يربط ألما بين السجلات ونجاح تبشير عمون وإخوته، إذ يرى أن هذه النصوص ساعدت في إقناع جماعات من اللامانيين ودعوتهم إلى التوبة، مع احتمال امتداد الأثر إلى النيفيين أيضًا.

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thou wast in bonds; yea, and I also know that thou wast stoned for the word’s sake; and thou didst bear all these things with patience because the Lord was with thee

يستدعي النص معاناة الابن السابقة في القيود والرجم بسبب الكلمة، ثم يفسر قدرته على الاحتمال بحضور الرب معه.

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the Lord in his great mercy sent his angel to declare unto me that I must stop the work of destruction among his people; yea, and I have seen an angel face to face

يصف النص تدخلًا سماويًا مباشرًا: الرب يرسل ملاكًا ليوقف عمل التدمير، والمتكلم يؤكد أنه واجه الملاك وجهًا لوجه.

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I was three days and three nights in the most bitter pain and anguish of soul; and never, until I did cry out unto the Lord Jesus Christ for mercy, did I receive a remission of my sins.

يروي النص تجربة ألم روحي امتدت ثلاثة أيام وثلاث ليالٍ، ثم يربط غفران الخطايا بالاستغاثة بالرب يسوع المسيح طلبًا للرحمة.

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thou didst forsake the ministry, and did go over into the land of Siron, among the borders of the Lamanites, after the harlot Isabel.

يصف النص انتقال المخاطَب من خدمته إلى منطقة أخرى على حدود اللamanites، في سياق مطاردة امرأة محددة، ما يربط الخطيئة بحركة مكانية واضحة.

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after the Lord God sent our first parents forth from the garden of Eden… he placed at the east end of the garden of Eden, cherubim, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the tree of life

يعيد النص سرد إخراج آدم وحواء من الجنة ووضع الكروبيم والسيف الملتهب لحراسة طريق شجرة الحياة، بوصفه إجراءً إلهيًا مقصودًا.

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I return to an account of the wars between the Nephites and the Lamanites, in the eighteenth year of the reign of the judges.

For behold, it came to pass that the Zoramites became Lamanites; therefore, in the commencement of the eighteenth year the people of the Nephites saw that the Lamanites were coming upon them; therefore they made preparations for war; yea, they gathered together their armie…

ينتقل السرد من الوعظ إلى سجل الحرب، محددًا الزمن السياسي، ومبينًا أن انضمام الزوراميين إلى اللامانيين أدى إلى تعبئة نيفية مبكرة في أرض جرشون.

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And it came to pass that the Lamanites came with their thousands; and they came into the land of Antionum, which is the land of the Zoramites; and a man by the name of Zerahemnah was their leader.

Now this he did that he might preserve their hatred towards the Nephites, that he might bring them into subjection to the accomplishment of his designs.

For behold, his designs were to stir up the Lama…

يقدّم النص زراهمنا قائدًا للغزو، ويشرح أن تحالفه مع الزوراميين واللامانيين ليس بريئًا بل أداة لتأجيج الكراهية والسيطرة السياسية وإخضاع الطرفين.

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Yea, and they also knew the extreme hatred of the Lamanites towards their brethren, who were the people of Anti-Nephi-Lehi, who were called the people of Ammon—and they would not take up arms, yea, they had entered into a covenant and they would not break it—therefore, if they should fall into the hands of the Lamanites they would be destroyed.

And the Nephites would not suffer that they should b…

يستحضر النص جماعة الناس الذين عُرفوا بأنتي-نيفي-ليحي/أمون بوصفهم ملتزمين بعهد رفض حمل السلاح، ثم يبيّن أن النيفيين منحوا لهم أرضًا وحصلوا منهم على دعم مادي مقابل الحماية.

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And it came to pass that he met the Lamanites in the borders of Jershon, and his people were armed with swords, and with cimeters, and all manner of weapons of war.

And when the armies of the Lamanites saw that the people of Nephi, or that Moroni, had prepared his people with breastplates and with arm-shields, yea, and also shields to defend their heads, and also they were dressed with thick clot…

يصف النص المواجهة الأولى في جرشون، ويبرز التفاوت العسكري الواضح بين تجهيز النيفيين وافتقار جيش زراهمنا إلى الدروع، ما يولّد خوفًا فوريًا لدى اللامانيين.

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And as the Lamanites had passed the hill Riplah, and came into the valley, and began to cross the river Sidon, the army which was concealed on the south of the hill, which was led by a man whose name was Lehi, and he led his army forth and encircled the Lamanites about on the east in their rear.

And it came to pass that the Lamanites, when they saw the Nephites coming upon them in their rear, tur…

ينفذ كمين ليحي عند عبور اللامانيين، فتتحول المعركة إلى مذابح ثم إلى هروب جماعي نحو سيدون، حيث يُدفع اللامانيون إلى الماء ويُمنعون من التراجع المنظم.

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And it came to pass that when the men of Moroni saw the fierceness and the anger of the Lamanites, they were about to shrink and flee from them. And Moroni, perceiving their intent, sent forth and inspired their hearts with these thoughts—yea, the thoughts of their lands, their liberty, yea, their freedom from bondage.

And it came to pass that they turned upon the Lamanites, and they cried with o…

حين يوشك رجال موروني على التراجع، يعيد موروني توجيههم بأفكار الأرض والحرية، فيتحول خوفهم إلى صرخة جماعية إلى الله تنتهي بانقلاب ميزان المعركة.

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Now, the Lamanites were more numerous, yea, by more than double the number of the Nephites; nevertheless, they were driven insomuch that they were gathered together in one body in the valley, upon the bank by the river Sidon.

Therefore the armies of Moroni encircled them about, yea, even on both sides of the river, for behold, on the east were the men of Lehi.

Therefore when Zerahemnah saw the m…

رغم تفوق اللامانيين العددي، يُحاصرون بين جيشي موروني وليحي، وعندما يدرك زراهمنا الإحاطة يأمر موروني بوقف القتل، ما يفتح بابًا لتحول لاحق في المعركة.

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he came forth and delivered up his sword and his cimeter, and his bow into the hands of Moroni … Moroni returned the sword and the weapons of war … saying: Behold, we will end the conflict.

زراهمنا يسلم أسلحته ثم يرفض القسم، لكن موروني يعيد السلاح مؤقتًا ويعلن رغبته في إنهاء القتال عبر شرطٍ سياسي-عسكري.

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one of Moroni’s soldiers smote it even to the earth, and it broke by the hilt; and he also smote Zerahemnah that he took off his scalp … Even as this scalp has fallen to the earth … so shall ye fall to the earth except ye will deliver up your weapons of war and depart with a covenant of peace.

الضربة التي تسقط سيف زراهمنا وتسلخ رأسه تتحول إلى علامة رمزية يستخدمها الجندي لتخويف الخصوم ودفعهم إلى تسليم السلاح وعقد سلام.

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many came forth and threw down their weapons of war at the feet of Moroni, and entered into a covenant of peace. And as many as entered into a covenant they suffered to depart into the wilderness.

بعض المقاتلين يستجيبون للتهديد بإلقاء السلاح والدخول في عهد سلام، ثم يُسمح لهم بالانسحاب إلى البرية.

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Zerahemnah … cried mightily unto Moroni, promising that he would covenant and also his people with them, if they would spare the remainder of their lives … Moroni caused that the work of death should cease again among the people.

زراهمنا يطلب النجاة عبر التعهد بعهد جديد، فيقبل موروني إيقاف القتل ويحوّل المعركة إلى تسوية قائمة على السلام المشروط.

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Behold, now it came to pass that the people of Nephi were exceedingly rejoiced, because the Lord had again delivered them out of the hands of their enemies; therefore they gave thanks unto the Lord their God; yea, and they did fast much and pray much, and they did worship God with exceedingly great joy.

يُظهر النص شعب نافي في حالة فرح وامتنان بعد نجاتهم من أعدائهم، ويصف استجابتهم الدينية بالصوم والصلاة والعبادة.

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he departed out of the land of Zarahemla, as if to go into the land of Melek. And it came to pass that he was never heard of more; as to his death or burial we know not of… we suppose that he has also received Alma in the spirit, unto himself

يغادر ألما زاراhemla ويختفي من السرد، بينما يفسر الراوي غيابه باحتمال رفعه بالروح أو أخذه الرب إليه، على مثال موسى.

أسئلة نقدية: cq_alma_disappearance_001

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Helaman went forth among the people to declare the word unto them… it became expedient that the word of God should be declared among them… Helaman and his brethren went forth to establish the church again in all the land

يتولى هيلامان وإخوته مهمة التعليم وإعادة تنظيم الكنيسة في أنحاء الأرض، استجابةً للاضطراب والحروب والانقسامات.

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And it came to pass that as many as would not hearken to the words of Helaman and his brethren were gathered together against their brethren.

And now behold, they were exceedingly wroth, insomuch that they were determined to slay them.

ينقسم الناس إلى فريقين: من يرفضون كلام هيلامان وإخوته يتجمعون ضد إخوتهم، ويتحول غضبهم إلى نية صريحة للقتل.

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Thus they were led away by Amalickiah to dissensions, notwithstanding the preaching of Helaman and his brethren, yea, notwithstanding their exceedingly great care over the church, for they were high priests over the church.

And there were many in the church who believed in the flattering words of Amalickiah, therefore they dissented even from the church; and thus were the affairs of the people of…

رغم تعليم هيلامان ورعايته للكنيسة، ينجح أماليكيّا في جرّ كثيرين إلى الانشقاق، فتدخل جماعة نافي في حالة خطرة وغير مستقرة.

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And now it came to pass that when Moroni, who was the chief commander of the armies of the Nephites, had heard of these dissensions, he was angry with Amalickiah.

And it came to pass that he rent his coat; and he took a piece thereof, and wrote upon it—In memory of our God, our religion, and freedom, and our peace, our wives, and our children—and he fastened it upon the end of a pole.

And he fas…

عندما يسمع موروني بالانشقاق يغضب، ثم يحول ثوبه الممزق إلى راية مكتوبة تربط الدفاع عن الله والدين والحرية والأسرة، ويتهيأ عسكريًا.

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And now it came to pass that when Moroni had said these words he went forth, and also sent forth in all the parts of the land where there were dissensions, and gathered together all the people who were desirous to maintain their liberty, to stand against Amalickiah and those who had dissented, who were called Amalickiahites.

And it came to pass that when Amalickiah saw that the people of Moroni w…

يجمع موروني أنصار الحرية من أنحاء البلاد لمواجهة أماليكيّا وأتباعه، لكن أماليكيّا ينسحب إلى أرض نافي حين يرى ضعف قضيته وتفوق خصومه.

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Therefore Moroni thought it was expedient that he should take his armies, who had gathered themselves together, and armed themselves, and entered into a covenant to keep the peace—and it came to pass that he took his army and marched out with his tents into the wilderness, to cut off the course of Amalickiah in the wilderness.

And it came to pass that he did according to his desires, and marched …

يتحرك موروني عسكريًا في البرية ليقطع طريق أماليكيّا، يهزمه، ثم يستخدم سلطته السياسية والعسكرية لفرض عهد دعم الحرية ورفع راية الحرية في كل الأبراج.

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Now we will return in our record to Amalickiah and those who had fled with him into the wilderness; for, behold, he had taken those who went with him, and went up in the land of Nephi among the Lamanites, and did stir up the Lamanites to anger against the people of Nephi, insomuch that the king of the Lamanites sent a proclamation throughout all his land, among all his people, that they should gat…

يعيد الراوي السرد إلى أماليكيه ومن تبعه، ويبين أنه أثار اللّامانيين ضد النيفيين حتى أصدر ملك اللّامانيين نداءً عامًا للتعبئة للحرب.

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they were exceedingly afraid; yea, they feared to displease the king, and they also feared to go to battle against the Nephites lest they should lose their lives.

يصف النص خوف الجنود من مخالفة الملك ومن القتال نفسه، لأنهم يرون في الأمر تهديدًا مباشرًا لحياتهم.

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it was his intention to gain favor with the armies of the Lamanites, that he might place himself at their head and dethrone the king and take possession of the kingdom. And it came to pass that he caused his army to pitch their tents in the valley which was near the mount Antipas.

يُظهر النص أن هدف أماليكيه ليس خوض معركة بل كسب ولاء الجيش ثم الاستيلاء على الحكم، بينما يثبت معسكره في الوادي قرب الجبل.

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he sent a secret embassy into the mount Antipas… desiring that the leader of those who were upon the mount, whose name was Lehonti, that he should come down… and that he would bring his guards with him.

يرسل أماليكيه وفدًا سريًا إلى أنتيباس ويستدرج لِهُونتي للنزول، ثم يكرر الطلب مرات عدة حتى يقترب من معسكره.

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before they awoke at the dawn of day they were surrounded by the armies of Lehonti… they plead with Amalickiah that he would suffer them to fall in with their brethren… And it came to pass that he delivered his men, contrary to the commands of the king.

يُحاصر رجال أماليكيه قبل الفجر، فيتوسلون إليه أن يسمح لهم بالانضمام إلى إخوتهم، فيستغل أماليكيه الموقف ويسلّمهم خلافًا لأوامر الملك.

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Amalickiah marched with his armies… to the city of Nephi… And they went and bowed themselves before the king… he stabbed the king to the heart; and he fell to the earth.

بعد أن يحقق أماليكيه غايته، يدخل مدينة نافي، ويخدع الملك بمظهر التكريم، ثم يُقتل الملك بطعنة غادرة.

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Whosoever loved the king, let him go forth, and pursue his servants that they may be slain… and thus Amalickiah, by his fraud, gained the hearts of the people.

يستثمر أماليكيه مقتل الملك ليحرّك المطاردين ضد الخدم الهاربين، ثم يعود الناس إلى تصديق روايته، فيكسب ولاءهم بالخداع.

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he entered the city Nephi with his armies, and took possession of the city… Amalickiah sought the favor of the queen, and took her unto him to wife; and thus by his fraud… he obtained the kingdom; yea, he was acknowledged king throughout all the land

يستولي أماليكيه على مدينة نافي ثم على الملك نفسه عبر الزواج من الملكة، وبذلك يثبت سلطته السياسية على أرض اللّامانيين.

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as soon as Amalickiah had obtained the kingdom he began to inspire the hearts of the Lamanites against the people of Nephi; yea, he did appoint men to speak unto the Lamanites from their towers, against the Nephites.

بمجرد أن استولى أماليكيّا على الملك، بدأ بتحريك مشاعر اللامانيين ضد شعب نافي، وعيّن رجالًا ليخاطبوهم من أبراجهم للتحريض على النيفيين.

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he sought also to reign over all the land, yea, and all the people who were in the land, the Nephites as well as the Lamanites.

لا يكتفي أماليكيّا بملك اللامانيين، بل يتطلع إلى حكم الأرض كلها وكل من فيها، من نيفيين ولامانيين معًا.

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he did appoint chief captains of the Zoramites, they being the most acquainted with the strength of the Nephites, and their places of resort, and the weakest parts of their cities; therefore he appointed them to be chief captains over his armies.

يعتمد أماليكيّا على قادة من الزوراميين لأنهم يعرفون نقاط قوة النيفيين ومواقع تجمعهم وأضعف مواضع مدنهم، فيجعلهم قادة على جيشه.

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he had been strengthening the armies of the Nephites, and erecting small forts, or places of resort; throwing up banks of earth round about to enclose his armies, and also building walls of stone to encircle them about

يقوم موروني بتقوية الجيوش وبناء الحصون والسواتر والجدران الحجرية حول المدن والحدود، في تنظيم دفاعي شامل.

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And now it came to pass in the eleventh month of the nineteenth year, on the tenth day of the month, the armies of the Lamanites were seen approaching towards the land of Ammonihah.

يحدد النص زمنًا دقيقًا ويعرض اقتراب جيوش اللامانيين نحو أرض أمنيها، مما يفتتح مشهد المواجهة العسكرية.

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the city had been rebuilt, and Moroni had stationed an army by the borders of the city, and they had cast up dirt around about to shield them from the arrows and the stones of the Lamanites

يصف النص تحصين المدينة بإشراف موروني عبر إقامة جيش على الحدود وبناء سواتر ترابية تحمي المدافعين من المقذوفات.

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they knew not that Moroni had fortified, or had built forts of security, for every city in all the land round about

يكشف النص أن موروني عمّم التحصين على المدن كلها، بحيث لم يدرك المهاجمون أن كل موضع تقريبًا صار محصنًا.

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the Nephites had all power over their enemies; and thus the Lamanites did attempt to destroy the Nephites until their chief captains were all slain

يصف النص معركة دفاعية تنتهي بسيطرة النيفيين على المهاجمين وسقوط قادة اللامانيين بأعداد كبيرة، مع إصابات محدودة في صفوف النيفيين.

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And now it came to pass that Moroni did not stop making preparations for war, or to defend his people against the Lamanites; for he caused that his armies should commence in the commencement of the twentieth year of the reign of the judges, that they should commence in digging up heaps of earth round about all the cities, throughout all the land which was possessed by the Nephites.

يواصل موروني تعبئة قواته دفاعًا عن شعبه، ويبدأ بتحويل المدن إلى مواقع محصنة عبر أعمال ترابية واسعة تحيط بها.

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And upon the top of these ridges of earth he caused that there should be timbers, yea, works of timbers built up to the height of a man, round about the cities.

يأمر موروني بإضافة أخشاب وحواجز فوق السواتر الترابية، فينشئ طبقات دفاعية متدرجة حول المدن.

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And he caused towers to be erected that overlooked those works of pickets, and he caused places of security to be built upon those towers, that the stones and the arrows of the Lamanites could not hurt them.

تُبنى أبراج ومواقع حماية فوق التحصينات بحيث تعجز أسلحة المهاجمين عن إصابة المدافعين.

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And it came to pass that Moroni caused that his armies should go forth into the east wilderness; yea, and they went forth and drove all the Lamanites who were in the east wilderness into their own lands, which were south of the land of Zarahemla.

ينقل موروني الحرب من الدفاع إلى الهجوم، فيطرد القوات اللامانية من البرية الشرقية ويعيدها إلى أراضيها.

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For behold, the people who possessed the land of Morianton did claim a part of the land of Lehi; therefore there began to be a warm contention between them, insomuch that the people of Morianton took up arms against their brethren, and they were determined by the sword to slay them.

ينشأ نزاع حدودي بين جماعتين من الداخل، ويتحول سريعًا إلى تهديد مسلح يهدد الاستقرار العام.

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Therefore Moroni sent an army, with their camp, to head the people of Morianton, to stop their flight into the land northward.

يتدخل موروني عسكريًا لمنع هروب جماعة متمردة نحو الشمال، ثم تُحسم الأزمة بالقتال وأسر المتمردين.

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they having established peace between the people of Lehi and the people of Morianton concerning their lands

يفتتح الإصحاح بإشارة إلى تسوية نزاع على الأراضي بين جماعتين، ما يوضح أن السلام السياسي هنا قائم على حلّ نزاع ملكية/حدود.

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the voice of the people came in favor of the freemen, and Pahoran retained the judgment-seat

يحسم تصويت الشعب النزاع لصالح الأحرار، فيبقى باهوران في منصبه، بينما يُسكت أنصار الملكية مؤقتًا.

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Amalickiah had again stirred up the hearts of the people of the Lamanites against the people of the Nephites … preparing for war with all diligence; for he had sworn to drink the blood of Moroni.

في الوقت نفسه، يحرّك أماليكياح اللّامانيين ضدّ النيفيين ويجهّز جيشًا للحرب، مع تهديد شخصي مباشر ضد موروني يزيد من حدة الصراع.

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they refused to take up arms … Moroni commanded that his army should go against those king-men … And thus Moroni put an end to those king-men

يرفض رجال الملك الدفاع عن بلدهم، فيردّ موروني بعنف منظّم ضدهم، فيقمع التمرّد الداخلي ويجبر الباقين على الانضمام إلى قضية الحرية.

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Teancum stole privily into the tent of the king, and put a javelin to his heart; and he did cause the death of the king immediately

يتسلل تيانكوم ليلًا إلى خيمة الملك ويقتله بطعنة رمح، في عملية اغتيال تنهي حياة أماليكياح فورًا.

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behold, when the Lamanites awoke on the first morning of the first month, behold, they found Amalickiah was dead in his own tent; and they also saw that Teancum was ready to give them battle on that day. … they abandoned their design in marching into the land northward, and retreated with all their army into the city of Mulek

يبدأ المشهد بانهيار خطة اللامانيين بعد اكتشافهم موت أماليكيه، فيتحولون من الهجوم إلى الانسحاب والتحصن داخل موليك.

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Teancum thought it was not expedient that he should attempt to attack them in their forts. But he kept his men round about, as if making preparations for war … until Moroni had sent a large number of men to strengthen his army

يدرك تيانكوم أن اقتحام الحصون غير مناسب، فيختار المراوحة والتحصين المؤقت إلى أن تصله تعزيزات موروني.

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Teancum, by the command of Moroni … had begun his march towards the land Bountiful … Moroni did arrive with his army at the land of Bountiful

يتحرك تيانكوم وموروني وفق تنسيق عسكري واضح، إذ يلتقيان في بونتفول استعدادًا لاستعادة المدن المفقودة.

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Moroni and Teancum and many of the chief captains held a council of war—what they should do to cause the Lamanites to come out against them to battle … he resolved upon a plan that he might decoy the Lamanites out of their strongholds

يعقد القادة مجلس حرب ويبتكرون خطة خداع لإخراج اللامانيين من حصونهم بدل مواجهتهم في مواقعهم المحصنة.

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Teancum should take a small number of men and march down near the seashore … Moroni and his army, by night, marched in the wilderness … Moroni commanded that a part of his army … should march forth into the city, and take possession of it

ينفذ موروني وتيانكوم مناورة التفاف ليلية: تيانكوم يجذب العدو، وموروني يقتحم موليك ويستولي عليها.

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the Lamanites did pursue Teancum … they were met by Lehi and a small army … before the Lamanites had retreated far they were surrounded by the Nephites … And Moroni commanded his men that they should fall upon them until they had given up their weapons of war

ينقلب المطاردون إلى محاصَرين عندما يلتقيهم لهي وموروني من جهتين، ثم يُجبرون على تسليم سلاحهم.

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And it came to pass that they did set guards over the prisoners of the Lamanites, and did compel them to go forth and bury their dead, yea, and also the dead of the Nephites who were slain; and Moroni placed men over them to guard them while they should perform their labors.

يُبقي موروني الأسرى تحت الحراسة ويجبرهم على دفن القتلى من الطرفين، ثم يضع رجالًا لمراقبتهم أثناء العمل.

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And Moroni went to the city of Mulek with Lehi, and took command of the city and gave it unto Lehi.

ينتقل موروني إلى مدينة ملك مع لهي، ثم يستولي على المدينة ويُسلم قيادتها إلى لهي.

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And it came to pass that after the Lamanites had finished burying their dead and also the dead of the Nephites, they were marched back into the land Bountiful; and Teancum, by the orders of Moroni, caused that they should commence laboring in digging a ditch round about the land, or the city, Bountiful.

And he caused that they should build a breastwork of timbers upon the inner bank of the ditch;…

بعد دفن القتلى يُعاد الأسرى إلى بونتفول ويُسخَّرون في حفر خندق وبناء تحصينات خشبية وترابية حول المدينة حتى تصبح محاطة بسور قوي.

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And this city became an exceeding stronghold ever after; and in this city they did guard the prisoners of the Lamanites; yea, even within a wall which they had caused them to build with their own hands.

تصير المدينة حصنًا دائمًا، ويُحتجز فيها أسرى اللامانيين داخل سور شيدوه بأيديهم.

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And it came to pass that he did no more attempt a battle with the Lamanites in that year, but he did employ his men in preparing for war, yea, and in making fortifications to guard against the Lamanites, yea, and also delivering their women and their children from famine and affliction, and providing food for their armies.

يتوقف موروني عن خوض معركة جديدة في تلك السنة، ويتجه بدلًا من ذلك إلى التحصين والإمداد الغذائي وحماية النساء والأطفال من المجاعة والضيق.

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And now it came to pass that the armies of the Lamanites, on the west sea, south, while in the absence of Moroni on account of some intrigue amongst the Nephites, which caused dissensions amongst them, had gained some ground over the Nephites, yea, insomuch that they had obtained possession of a number of their cities in that part of the land.

And thus because of iniquity amongst themselves, yea,…

يستغل اللامانيون غياب موروني والانقسام الداخلي بين النيفيين فيتقدمون ويستولون على مدن عدة، ويُفسَّر هذا التراجع بأنه نتيجة فسادهم الداخلي.

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And now it came to pass in the commencement of the twenty and ninth year of the judges, that Ammoron sent unto Moroni desiring that he would exchange prisoners.

يفتتح النص الحدث برسالة من أمّورون إلى موروني يطلب فيها تبادل الأسرى، ما يطلق مسارًا تفاوضيًا داخل الحرب.

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Now the Lamanites had taken many women and children, and there was not a woman nor a child among all the prisoners of Moroni, or the prisoners whom Moroni had taken; therefore Moroni resolved upon a stratagem to obtain as many prisoners of the Nephites from the Lamanites as it were possible.

يبرز النص تفاوتًا في الأسر بين الطرفين، ثم يقرر موروني استخدام حيلة للحصول على أكبر عدد ممكن من أسرى النيفيين من اللّامانيين.

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Therefore he wrote an epistle, and sent it by the servant of Ammoron, the same who had brought an epistle to Moroni.

يكتب موروني رسالة ويرسلها عبر خادم أمّورون نفسه، ما يربط بين الرسالتين ويؤكد أن الصراع يُدار بالمراسلات أيضًا.

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I will arm my women and my children, and I will come against you… and it shall be blood for blood, yea, life for life; and I will give you battle even until you are destroyed from off the face of the earth.

يعلن موروني تصعيدًا شاملًا للحرب، حتى إشراك النساء والأطفال، ويصوغ الصراع بلغة الثأر والإبادة الكاملة.

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I will grant to exchange prisoners according to your request, gladly, that I may preserve my food for my men of war; and we will wage a war which shall be eternal

يقبل أمّورون التبادل لا بدافع السلام بل لحفظ المؤن لجنوده، ثم يعلن أن الحرب ستستمر بلا نهاية حتى إخضاع النيفيين أو إفنائهم.

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Now it came to pass that when Moroni had received this epistle he was more angry, because he knew that Ammoron had a perfect knowledge of his fraud; yea, he knew that Ammoron knew that it was not a just cause that had caused him to wage a war against the people of Nephi.

يُظهر النص أن موروني يقرأ رسالة خصمه بوصفها كشفًا لزيف دوافع الحرب، فيزداد غضبه لأنه يدرك أن الطرف الآخر يعرف أن الحرب غير عادلة.

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Behold, I know the place where the Lamanites do guard my people whom they have taken prisoners; and as Ammoron would not grant unto me mine epistle, behold, I will give unto him according to my words; yea, I will seek death among them until they shall sue for peace.

موروني يعلن أنه يعرف موقع الأسرى، ويقرر أن يرد على تجاهل الرسالة بعمل عسكري مباشر حتى يطلب الخصم الصلح.

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Moroni caused that Laman and a small number of his men should go forth unto the guards who were over the Nephites. Now the Nephites were guarded in the city of Gid; therefore Moroni appointed Laman… and behold, I am a Lamanite.

موروني يرسل لامان مع عدد قليل من الرجال إلى الحراس في مدينة جِد، ويُقدَّم لامان هناك بهوية لامانية مزيفة لتسهيل الخداع.

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Give us of your wine, that we may drink… And it came to pass that they did take of the wine freely; and it was pleasant to their taste… And it came to pass they did drink and were merry, and by and by they were all drunken.

الحراس يطلبون الخمر، فيستدرجهم لامان إلى الشرب حتى يفقدوا وعيهم، وبذلك تنجح الخطة في إغراقهم بالسكر.

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when Laman and his men saw that they were all drunken, and were in a deep sleep, they returned to Moroni… and cast in weapons of war unto the prisoners, insomuch that they were all armed; Yea, even to their women, and all those of their children

بعد نجاح الخدعة، يعود لامان إلى موروني، ثم يسلّح موروني الأسرى داخل المدينة، حتى النساء والأطفال القادرين على حمل السلاح.

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he had armed those prisoners of the Nephites who were within the wall of the city… their chief captains demanded their weapons of war, and they brought them forth and cast them at the feet of the Nephites, pleading for mercy.

تتحول المبادرة إلى حصار مضاد: الأسرى المسلحون يسيطرون من الداخل، ثم يطلب قادة العدو الرحمة ويسلمون أسلحتهم.

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He took them prisoners of war, and took possession of the city… he did cause the Lamanites… that they should commence a labor in strengthening the fortifications round about the city Gid… he caused that his prisoners should be taken to the city Bountiful

بعد الاستيلاء على المدينة، يحوّل موروني الأسرى إلى قوة عمل لتعزيز التحصينات ثم ينقلهم إلى مدينة بونتفول مع تشديد الحراسة.

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the Nephites began again to be victorious… Many time did the Lamanites attempt to encircle them about by night… they did try all their liquors.

يصف النص عودة التفوق للنيفيين، مع استمرار محاولات العدو الليلية واستخدام الخمر والسم، لكن الحذر يمنع وقوعهم في الفخ.

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it was expedient for Moroni to make preparations to attack the city Morianton; for behold, the Lamanites had, by their labors, fortified the city Morianton until it had become an exceeding stronghold.

يختم الإصحاح بالإشارة إلى انتقال موروني إلى هدف عسكري جديد، لأن مدينة مورياتون صارت حصنًا شديد المنعة بفعل تحصينات العدو.

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two thousand of these young men have taken their weapons of war, and would that I should be their leader; and we have come forth to defend our country.

يصف هيلامان انتقال هؤلاء الشبان إلى وضع المقاتلين تحت قيادته، ويجعل هدفهم الدفاع عن الوطن، لا الهجوم أو التوسع.

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I, Helaman, did march at the head of these two thousand young men to the city of Judea, to assist Antipus

ينقل هيلامان تحركه العسكري إلى مدينة يهودا لمساندة أنتيبوس، ويضيف أن هؤلاء الشبان صاروا يُعدّون أبناءه، مما يعمّق دوره القيادي والأبوي.

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And I found Antipus and his men toiling with their might to fortify the city.

يصور النص حالة استنزاف دفاعي في يهودا: أنتيبوس ورجاله يجهدون لتحصين المدينة، ثم يفسر النجاة اللاحقة بأنها معونة من الرب.

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there was brought unto us many provisions from the fathers of those my two thousand sons.

تصل الإمدادات من آباء الشبان، ثم تأتي قوات إضافية من زاراhemla، فيتحول الوضع من نقص إلى استعداد أكبر، ما يغيّر ميزان القوة.

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Antipus ordered that I should march forth with my little sons to a neighboring city, as if we were carrying provisions

يخطط هيلامان وأنتيبوس لخدعة عسكرية تقوم على التظاهر بنقل المؤن لاستدراج جيش لاماني قوي خارج موقعه المحصن.

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we did flee before them, northward. And thus we did lead away the most powerful army of the Lamanites;

ينجح هيلامان في جرّ الجيش اللّاماني الأقوى بعيدًا شمالًا عبر الانسحاب المتكرر، لكن هذا يضعه هو ورجاله في خطر مباشر داخل البرية.

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we, the people of Nephi, the people of Antipus, and I with my two thousand, did surround the Lamanites, and did slay them

تتوج المعركة بتطويق اللّامانيين من قبل قوات نيفية وأنتيبوس وهيلامان، ثم باستسلامهم، مع مفاجأة كبرى بأن الشبان لم يُقتل منهم أحد.

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And now it came to pass that I received an epistle from Ammoron, the king, stating that if I would deliver up those prisoners of war whom we had taken that he would deliver up the city of Antiparah unto us. … And Ammoron refused mine epistle, for he would not exchange prisoners; therefore we began to make preparations to go against the city of Antiparah.

يعرض النص مفاوضة حرب تقوم على تبادل الأسرى مقابل تسليم مدينة، ثم يبيّن فشل التفاوض وعودة الطرفين إلى خيار الهجوم العسكري.

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But the people of Antiparah did leave the city, and fled to their other cities, which they had possession of, to fortify them; and thus the city of Antiparah fell into our hands. And thus ended the twenty and eighth year of the reign of the judges.

يفرّ سكان أنتيبارح إلى مدن أخرى لتحصينها، فتسقط المدينة في يد الجيش، ويُستخدم الحدث أيضًا كعلامة زمنية لنهاية سنة حكم.

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in the commencement of the twenty and ninth year, we received a supply of provisions, and also an addition to our army, from the land of Zarahemla, and from the land round about, to the number of six thousand men, besides sixty of the sons of the Ammonites

يتلقى الجيش تعزيزات غذائية وبشرية من زاراhemla والمناطق المحيطة، بما في ذلك أبناء الأمونيين، ما يرفع القدرة القتالية ويعيد تنظيم القوة.

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we did surround, by night, the city Cumeni, a little before they were to receive a supply of provisions. … we did sleep upon our swords, and keep guards, that the Lamanites could not come upon us by night and slay us … we did take them and their provisions.

يُحاصر الجيش المدينة ليلًا قبل وصول الإمدادات، ثم ينام المقاتلون على سيوفهم للحراسة، ويستولي على المؤن والوافدين إليها.

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it became expedient that we should take those provisions and send them to Judea, and our prisoners to the land of Zarahemla. … they yielded up the city unto our hands; and thus we had accomplished our designs in obtaining the city Cumeni.

بعد قطع الإمدادات عن العدو، يُعاد توجيه المؤن والأسرى إلى وجهات مختلفة، ثم تستسلم المدينة في النهاية.

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our prisoners were so numerous that … we were obliged to employ all our force to keep them, or to put them to death. … it became expedient for us, that we should put an end to their lives, or guard them, sword in hand, down to the land of Zarahemla

يتحوّل الأسرى إلى عبء عسكري ولوجستي خطير، حتى يصبح القتل أو الحراسة المسلحة أثناء نقلهم خيارين مطروحين.

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Ammoron had sent to their support a new supply of provisions and also a numerous army of men. … those men whom we sent with the prisoners did arrive in season to check them, as they were about to overpower us.

يرسل أمّورون تعزيزات جديدة تكاد ترجّح الكفة، لكن قوة مرافقة للأسرى تعود في اللحظة المناسبة لتمنع الانهيار.

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we did inquire of Gid concerning the prisoners … we did meet the spies of our armies … our prisoners did hear their cries, which caused them to take courage; and they did rise up in rebellion against us.

عند سؤال غيد عن الأسرى، يتضح أن سماع الأسرى لأخبار اقتراب الجيوش منحهم جرأة للتمرد على الحراس.

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our next object was to obtain the city of Manti; but behold, there was no way that we could lead them out of the city by our small bands… therefore it became expedient that we should wait, that we might receive more strength from the land of Zarahemla and also a new supply of provisions.

يصف النص هدف الحملة العسكري: الاستيلاء على مanti، لكن القائد يعترف بأن القوة الصغيرة لا تكفي لخداع العدو أو مهاجمته مباشرة، فيلجأ إلى الانتظار حتى تصل تعزيزات ومؤن من Zarahemla.

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I thus did send an embassy to the governor of our land, to acquaint him concerning the affairs of our people… the Lamanites were also receiving great strength from day to day, and also many provisions

يرسل القائد بعثة إلى الحاكم ليبلغه بأحوال الشعب، لكن المساعدة المطلوبة لا تأتي بالقدر الكافي، بينما يزداد العدو قوة وإمدادًا.

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we did wait in these difficult circumstances for the space of many months, even until we were about to perish for the want of food. But it came to pass that we did receive food, which was guarded to us by an army of two thousand men

يمتد الحصار حتى يكاد الجيش يهلك جوعًا، ثم تصلهم مؤن محروسة بقوة عسكرية محدودة، فتمنع الانهيار الكامل.

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they sent out their spies round about us… I caused that Gid, with a small number of men, should secrete himself in the wilderness… Gid and Teomner did rise up from their secret places, and did cut off the spies of the Lamanites… and did take possession of the city.

تُنفَّذ خطة كمين مزدوج: يختبئ فريقان في البرية، ثم يقطعان طريق الجواسيس ويهاجمان الحراس، فيسقط الموقع في أيديهم.

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I caused that my men should not sleep, but that they should march forward by another way towards the land of Manti… we did arrive before them at the city of Manti. And thus it came to pass, that by this stratagem we did take possession of the city of Manti without the shedding of blood.

يأمر القائد بالمسير ليلًا عبر طريق بديل، فيسبق العدو إلى Manti ويستولي على المدينة دون قتال مباشر.

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the armies of the Lamanites did flee out of all this quarter of the land… our fathers and our women and our children are returning to their homes, all save it be those who have been taken prisoners

ينتهي الهجوم بانسحاب العدو من المنطقة، وعودة العائلات إلى بيوتها، مع بقاء الأسرى خارج هذا الفرج.

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Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year of the reign of the judges over the people of Nephi, after Moroni had received and had read Helaman’s epistle, he was exceedingly rejoiced because of the welfare, yea, the exceeding success which Helaman had had, in obtaining those lands which were lost.

يفتتح النص بزمن سياسي محدد، ثم يربط فرح موروني بوصول رسالة هيلامان وبنجاحه في استعادة أراضٍ كانت مفقودة.

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And it came to pass when Moroni had sent this epistle to the land of Zarahemla, he began again to lay a plan that he might obtain the remainder of those possessions and cities which the Lamanites had taken from them.

بعد إرسال الرسالة إلى Zarahemla، يعود موروني إلى التخطيط العسكري لاسترداد ما تبقى من المدن والممتلكات.

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And it came to pass that while Moroni was thus making preparations to go against the Lamanites to battle, behold, the people of Nephihah, who were gathered together from the city of Moroni and the city of Lehi and the city of Morianton, were attacked by the Lamanites.

بينما كان موروني يستعد للهجوم، تتعرض جماعة Nephihah لهجوم Lamanite بعد تجمعها من عدة مدن.

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Yea, even those who had been compelled to flee from the land of Manti, and from the land round about, had come over and joined the Lamanites in this part of the land. And thus being exceedingly numerous, yea, and receiving strength from day to day, by the command of Ammoron they came forth against the people of Nephihah, and they did begin to slay them with an exceedingly great slaughter.

ينضم الفارّون من Manti إلى Lamanites، فتزداد قوتهم يومًا بعد يوم، ويقودهم Ammoron إلى مجزرة ضد Nephihah.

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And their armies were so numerous that the remainder of the people of Nephihah were obliged to flee before them; and they came even and joined the army of Moroni.

تفوق قوات العدو يجبر بقية سكان Nephihah على الفرار والانضمام إلى جيش موروني.

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myself, and also my men, and also Helaman and his men, have suffered exceedingly great sufferings; yea, even hunger, thirst, and fatigue… great has been the slaughter among our people; yea, thousands have fallen by the sword

يعرض موروني معاناة قواته وخسائرهم البشرية بوصفها نتيجة مباشرة للحرب والإهمال، ما يرفع مستوى الأزمة من شكوى شخصية إلى كارثة جماعية.

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I do not joy in your great afflictions, yea, it grieves my soul. But behold, there are those who do joy in your afflictions, yea, insomuch that they have risen up in rebellion against me

يعلن باهوران أنه لا يفرح بمصائب موروني بل يتألم لها، ثم يكشف أن جماعة أخرى تستغل هذه المصائب وتتمرد عليه، فتنشأ صورة صراع داخلي حاد.

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they have sought to take away the judgment-seat from me … they have used great flattery, and they have led away the hearts of many people, which will be the cause of sore affliction among us; they have withheld our provisions

يشرح باهوران أن المتمردين سعوا إلى انتزاع منصب الحكم منه، واستعملوا التملق لإضلال الناس وقطعوا المؤن، ما يجعل الأزمة سياسية ومعيشية في آن واحد.

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those who have risen up in rebellion against us are set at defiance … They have got possession of the land, or the city, of Zarahemla; they have appointed a king over them, and he hath written unto the king of the Lamanites, in the which he hath joined an alliance with him

يؤكد النص أن المتمردين فقدوا زمام المبادرة أمام أنصار باهوران، لكنهم ما زالوا يسيطرون على زاراhemla، وقد أقاموا ملكًا وتحالفوا مع ملك اللامانيين.

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I have sent a few provisions unto them, that they may not perish until ye can come unto me. Gather together whatsoever force ye can upon your march hither

يذكر باهوران أنه أرسل مؤنًا إلى القوات الأمامية كي لا تهلك قبل وصول موروني، ثم يأمر بجمع أكبر قوة ممكنة أثناء المسير.

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Moroni took a small number of men… and did raise the standard of liberty… And it came to pass that thousands did flock unto his standard

ينقل النص موروني وهو يعيد تنظيم قواته ويرفع راية الحرية، فتتجمع حوله أعداد كبيرة من الناس دفاعًا عن استقلالهم.

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Moroni and Pahoran went down with their armies into the land of Zarahemla… Pachus was slain and his men were taken prisoners, and Pahoran was restored to his judgment-seat.

يتقدم موروني وباهوران عسكريًا إلى زاراهملا، وينتهي الاشتباك بمقتل باخوس وإعادة باهوران إلى منصبه القضائي.

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Moroni went forth in the darkness of the night… caused that his men should march forth and come upon the top of the wall… when the morning came they were all within the walls of the city.

ينفذ موروني مناورة ليلية سرية، يتسلق بها أسوار المدينة ويُدخل رجاله إلى داخلها قبل الفجر.

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many of the Lamanites that were prisoners were desirous to join the people of Ammon and become a free people… all the prisoners of the Lamanites did join the people of Ammon

يعرض النص انتقال بعض الأسرى اللامانيين طوعًا إلى شعب أَمّون، ثم اندماجهم في العمل الزراعي بدل القتال.

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Ammoron, the king of the Lamanites, was also with them… Teancum in his anger did go forth into the camp of the Lamanites… and he did cast a javelin at him

يجمع النص خصوم الحرب في موضع واحد ثم يبرز فعل تيانكوم الانتقامي حين يتسلل إلى معسكر العدو ويطعن الملك.

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Moroni yielded up the command of his armies into the hands of his son, whose name was Moronihah… Helaman did take upon him again to preach unto the people the word of God… they did establish again the church of God

تنتهي مرحلة الحرب بإعادة توزيع القيادة العسكرية والعودة إلى الوعظ وتنظيم الكنيسة من جديد، بما يشير إلى استعادة النظام المدني والديني.

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And it came to pass that Moroni died also. And thus ended the thirty and sixth year of the reign of the judges.

يموت موروني، وبموته تُغلق السنة السادسة والثلاثون من حكم القضاة، في إشارة إلى انتقال في القيادة وانتهاء مرحلة زمنية.

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Hagoth, he being an exceedingly curious man, therefore he went forth and built him an exceedingly large ship, on the borders of the land Bountiful, by the land Desolation, and launched it forth into the west sea, by the narrow neck which led into the land northward.

هاغوث، بدافع فضوله الشديد، يبني سفينة كبيرة جدًا عند حدود أرض بountiful قرب أرض Desolation، ثم يطلقها في البحر الغربي عبر الممر الضيق المؤدي إلى الأرض الشمالية.

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there were many of the Nephites who did enter therein and did sail forth with much provisions, and also many women and children; and they took their course northward. … And it came to pass that they were never heard of more. And we suppose that they were drowned in the depths of the sea.

عدد كبير من النيفيين يركبون السفينة مع مؤن كثيرة ونسائهم وأطفالهم ويتجهون شمالًا، لكنهم يختفون لاحقًا ولا يعود عنهم خبر، ويُفترض أنهم غرقوا في البحر.

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And in the thirty and eighth year, this man built other ships. … And it came to pass that in this year there were many people who went forth into the land northward.

يواصل هاغوث بناء سفن أخرى، وتستمر حركة الهجرة إلى الأرض الشمالية خلال السنة الثامنة والثلاثين، ما يدل على اتساع هذا المسار البحري والبشري.

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there were some dissenters who had gone forth unto the Lamanites; and they were stirred up again to anger against the Nephites. And also in this same year they came down with a numerous army to war against the people of Moronihah

بعض المنشقين ينضمون إلى اللامانيين ويعيدون إشعال غضبهم ضد النيفيين، ثم ينزلون بجيش كبير لمحاربة شعب مورونيها.

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in the which they were beaten and driven back again to their own lands, suffering great loss.

ينتهي الهجوم بهزيمة المهاجمين وإرجاعهم إلى أراضيهم مع خسائر كبيرة، ما يعكس تفوق المدافعين في هذه المواجهة.